QS Practices

Design consultants, in particular, can play a valuable role in the project initiation stage. Most clients will require advisers who know about built solutions( Love and Smith,2001) .It explains that in the construction industry clients need consultants in the very beginning of the projec…

In construction, it is unlikely that a client will be an individual; most clients are organizations or groups of people. Thus the client needs to be seen as a plurals and involving a set of stakeholders with different viewpoints and different needs(Newcombe 1994, cited Boyd and Chinyo,…

Clients are the reason that the industry exists; therefore, clients are always in the industry’s thoughts(Boyd and Chinyo, 2006 ).According to the Heran (2001) a client is someone who is freely choosing to avail themselves of a service. The existence of all service providers are decided b…

According to the Faizal ( 2010, cited Manamgoda, 2011) construction process can be identified as constructing, altering, erecting, repairing and demolition of buildings, civil engineering works and other structures. As well as assembly and installations of on site prefabricated components…

According to the World Bank (2004), the gross domestic product (GDP) is defined as value of final goods and services produced in country in one year. GDP can be measured by adding up all of an economy's incomes- wages, interest, profits, and rents or expenditures- consumption, inv…

I. Portland Cement Akers (2001) further highlighted and explained the specification requirement of portland cement as specified by ASTM C150. ASTM C150 defines requirements for eight types of portland cement. The chemical composition of portland cement is expressed in a cement-chemistr…

The aggregates most commonly used in concrete are gravel, crushed stone, crushed slag, and pumice. Cement and water are mixed with aggregates to produce concrete. Concrete contains both fine and coarse aggregates. Cement paste coats the aggregates, binding them together and curing to form…

Sand is essentially quartz and it is called fine aggregate when it is between 4.75mm and 0.15mm in size. Sand is procured in trips of trucks and should be delivered without impurity. Impurity in concrete affects the quality and strength of concrete. Suitable sand for concrete constru…

Concrete formwork serves as a mold erected to produce concrete elements having a desired size and configuration. Two major categories of formwork are site made and prefabricated. It is usually removed after the concrete has cured to a satisfactory strength. In some cases, concrete forms m…

Reinforcement material required for reinforcing concrete should possess the following characteristics; high tensile strength, achieves tensile strength without undue strain, abilities to be bent to shapes, have surfaces capable of having adequate bond with concrete paste, economical as we…

Materials are the major item used in construction. In construction, various materials are used in various building component in combinations with other materials. The choice of materials used depends on factors such as the component specification, quality of material, availability of…

Estimation in General Estimation is a technical process of predicting cost of a building. Preliminary Estimate An attempt to forecast the cost of a project before detailed information is available. Prepared before: · BOQ is available or prepared · Contract or Tender figure is obtained Pu…

The ability to influence people towards the attainment of organizational goal. Characteristics of Leadership • Physical Characteristics Energy Physical strength • Intelligence and Ability Intelligence , cognitive ability Knowledge Judgment , dete…

• Smart Specific; Limit Measurable ; Quantify Attainability ; without difficulty Rational ; logically Time frame ; Beginning and end · Effectiveness The degree to which the organization achieves a stated goals. · Efficiency The…

• The objective which a firm sets for itself in respect of profit returns, sales and assets growth ,etc. which in turn determine the strategic and operational policies it adopt. The firm may pursue a single objective or multiple objectives. • Objective may be opera…

· Work schedules are not a true part of job design because job tasks and responsibilities are not changed. Nevertheless ,we discuss adjustments in work schedules here because they alter the normal workweek of five eight hours days in which all employees begin and end their wo…