Road construction has a long history, which is related with human kind since human started to move place to place using equipment. All civilizations used to travel to maintain life. According to Robert & Skinner (2008), the first “modern” concrete highway pavements appeared in the latter part of the 19th century.
Roads are classified based on various phenomenons. Functional classification is one of them, according to Wright (1996); it includes principal arterial, minor arterial, collector, local highways.
Further local highways classified as expressway and freeway. According to the UNESCAP (2002) classified Asian highways as shown in the following table.
Different types of roads are used in different type of activities in a country’s economy to facilitate the social development of the community. According to Robert & Skinner (2008), roads have been used as an important infrastructure to improve the advance economic activities. As a result, the importance of reliable and effective transportation networks has been emerged.
Unexpected network delays in transportation may lead to a critical loss of time. Therefore, Kim et al. (2009) states that traffic managers must be strive to minimize not only the average travel time, but also the variation in travel time. DFID (2002) states that roads as an infrastructure facilitate the execution of market transactions by enabling interested parties to meet and by enabling the subsequent transport of traded goods to their place of usage. Many sectors rely on roads for their effective operation. According to statement of DFID a well-constructed road network system is very important for a country’s economic activities.
Thomas (1987) stated that compared to the other types of construction, there are limited inputs used in road construction. Among those inputs, by products of crude oil industry has a considerable involvement in road construction industry by products such as asphalt, diesel fuel, gasoline are used in construction of roads and for the transportation of materials to the site. There are many other indirect relationships between these two industries which are going to be discussed in the upcoming chapters.
Roads are classified based on various phenomenons. Functional classification is one of them, according to Wright (1996); it includes principal arterial, minor arterial, collector, local highways.
Further local highways classified as expressway and freeway. According to the UNESCAP (2002) classified Asian highways as shown in the following table.
Different types of roads are used in different type of activities in a country’s economy to facilitate the social development of the community. According to Robert & Skinner (2008), roads have been used as an important infrastructure to improve the advance economic activities. As a result, the importance of reliable and effective transportation networks has been emerged.
Unexpected network delays in transportation may lead to a critical loss of time. Therefore, Kim et al. (2009) states that traffic managers must be strive to minimize not only the average travel time, but also the variation in travel time. DFID (2002) states that roads as an infrastructure facilitate the execution of market transactions by enabling interested parties to meet and by enabling the subsequent transport of traded goods to their place of usage. Many sectors rely on roads for their effective operation. According to statement of DFID a well-constructed road network system is very important for a country’s economic activities.
Thomas (1987) stated that compared to the other types of construction, there are limited inputs used in road construction. Among those inputs, by products of crude oil industry has a considerable involvement in road construction industry by products such as asphalt, diesel fuel, gasoline are used in construction of roads and for the transportation of materials to the site. There are many other indirect relationships between these two industries which are going to be discussed in the upcoming chapters.
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